Since its independence, India’s Republic Day celebrations have been marked by the tradition of inviting foreign heads of state or dignitaries as chief guests, underscoring the nation’s diplomatic strategy and commitment to fostering global relations.
This practice began in 1950 with Indonesia’s President Sukarno, who became the first chief guest at the Republic Day parade. Since then, this tradition has consistently highlighted India’s efforts to strengthen its global stature and bilateral ties.
Interestingly, Pakistan’s leaders have been invited as chief guests on two occasions. The first instance was in 1955 when Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad represented Pakistan at the Republic Day celebrations, a time when both nations were exploring avenues for improved relations. The second instance occurred in 1965 when Pakistan’s Minister of Food and Agriculture, Rana Abdul Hamid, attended the event. However, following the Indo-Pak war later that year, diplomatic ties soured, and no Pakistani leader has since been invited to the occasion.
The tradition extended beyond Pakistan to include leaders from China, another country with historically complex relations with India. In 1958, Marshal Ye Jianying of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army attended as the chief guest, reflecting India’s willingness to maintain diplomatic channels even during challenging times.
Other notable personalities invited as chief guests include Queen Elizabeth II in 1961, marking the first participation of the British royal family post-independence, and Yugoslav President Marshal Tito in 1984, a key figure of the Non-Aligned Movement. Most recently, in 2023, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi’s presence highlighted growing strategic and economic cooperation between India and Egypt.
The selection of the Republic Day chief guest is a meticulous process overseen by the Ministry of External Affairs, factoring in the nature of bilateral relations, global geopolitics, and strategic priorities. The invited dignitaries receive a ceremonial welcome, including a guard of honor, high-profile state banquets, and carefully arranged accommodations, reflecting the significance India places on this tradition.
This practice remains an integral part of India’s foreign policy, serving as a platform to strengthen international friendships, enhance cultural exchanges, and showcase India’s diplomatic goodwill on a global stage.
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