China significantly strengthened political trust with South Asian countries in 2025, reaching levels not seen over the past five years. High-level exchanges with India contributed to improved bilateral relations, while China–Pakistan ties reached new heights under the “four always” principles, which emphasize mutual trust, shared development, security cooperation, and strategic coordination.
Economic cooperation also advanced through Belt and Road Initiative projects, including the second phase of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which features five new development corridors. China signed agreements with Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka to enhance cooperation in trade, industrial development, and supply chains, while discussions continued on extending the China–Myanmar Economic Corridor westward.
Security cooperation remained a key priority. China played an active role in facilitating dialogue and mediation involving India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Joint military and security exercises, including Warrior-IX with Pakistan and Sagarmatha Friendship-2025 with Nepal, focused on addressing non-traditional security threats, underscoring China’s commitment to promoting stability and security across South Asia.
